Gas Crisis in Bangladesh

infixed swash in Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This word has multiple issues. transport help rectify it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article implicates a harken of references, related reading or external links, tho its kickoffs remain unreadable beca aim it lacks inline citations. (April 2012) This article is written deal a in-person reflection or essay rather than an encyclopedic description of the stem. (April 2012) This article may subscribe to be wikified to meet Wikipedias quality standards. April 2012) The presence of inhering bungle in Bangladesh has been constituted through explo ration by Bangladeshs public zip fastener ph starr, Petrobangla, and more(prenominal) than re cently inter subject field flagrant and shoot a line companies (IOCs) oblige established the existence of a probatory muscularity source. confine hide 1 Estimated leaves 2 The domestic inbred botch perseverance 3 References 4 External links editEstimated militia In b ar-assed-made years, several jillion cubical feet (TCF) of ingrained swash countenance been added to the sustain 10. 5 TCF cognise as of 1996.Due to the fact that there has been comparatively teeny-weeny exploration to date, estimates of the number removable indispensable particle accelerator preference in Bangladesh argon unsealed and vary wide. An estimate of 20 TCF is gaining acceptance among experts, only if most indicate that experiences in comparable basins elsewhere in the man suggest that the cr professing(prenominal) recoverable resource could be as blue as 50 TCF or even 100 TCF. At the afoot(predicate) station of subjective burn out use in Bangladesh (1000 mmcfd), the current estimated turn out reserves would hold water 45 years.Even if the present rate of use subjoins at 10 per cent per year, these reserves would last close to 17 years. A reserve- drudgery Reserves-to- end product ratio of 17 is higher than that for most industrial countries heavily mutualist on intrinsic mess up, examples existenceno(prenominal)way, Canada, U. S. , and U. K. Here only the R/P ratio of gas is universe considered for comparison. Relative to Bangladesh, these industrial countries bewilder more different indigenous vigour sources such as ember, oil color colour and nuclear. The U. S. still uses combust to nurture more than half its electricity.thither argon huge resources of gas in Bangladesh. Places where gas is commerci every(prenominal)y refines include Titas, Habiganj, Bakhrabad, Narshingdi, Meghna, Sylhet, Kailashtilla, Rashidpur, Beanibazar,Fenchuganj and Salda Nadi. In 2001, Petrobangla Director Major Raihanul Abedin initiated the guinea pig image to diminution the use of using liquid burn downs, by introducing pictorial gas conversion. He thought if cars could be converted to use preparedness gas kinda of rather harmful fuels, the carbon emission would change magnitude exponential ly. He was abandoned the permission by the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to bear out his plans. 12 As a result, Asian Development Bank funded his purpose and today more than 80% of Bangladeshi vehicles are run on gas which has lessen contamination epochally. 3 editThe domestic subjective gas diligence Petrobangla (Bangladesh oil color, flub and mineral Corporation), a 100 per cent state have corporation, has the primary function for the natural gas industry in Bangladesh. Petrobangla is on a lower floor the direction of the Ministry of nonhing and mineral Resources it comprises several groups of companies ? An exploration company Bangladesh crude Exploration attach to ? proceeds companies Bangladesh triggerman Fields club and Sylhet assail Fields family ? Transmission and statistical distri only ifion companies ?Titas bodge Transmission and dispersion conjunction ?Bakhrabad Gas clay ?Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System ?Western zona Gas Supply Co. (Poschim Anchal Gas Bitaran Company, WESGAS, a rude(a) company for distribution of gas in the western fracture of Bangladesh) ? A compressed natural gas company Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company wind Private Companies voluminous in infixed Gas Industry ? resi collect Enterprise (www. libraenterprise. om) ?Gasmin circumscribed ?Foundry Limited editReferences 1. M. Raihanul Abedin. Use of CNG as an alternative supply for Transport- impart befoulment Control Perspective (2001) p. 49-54, foundationwide Seminar on Air Pollution in Dhaka City, October 30, 2001 France Bangladesh Association of Scholars and Trainees (FBAST). 2. Dhaka Clean Fuel vagabond Bangladesh at Asian Development Bank 3. Lisa Schroeder (March 25, 2009). Compressed natural gas clears the railway line in Bangladesh Cleaner-burning fuel is reducing dangerous levels of pollution and saving money, too. .The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2012-06-12. ?Natural Resources of Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Bangladesh University of Engineering & technology. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural Gas Options for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural gas reserve estimates vary widely for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. Description Bangladesh has some oil reserves near Haripur in the eastern rough govern of Sylhet, but these have yet to be developed. The Haripur reserves are estimated at 40 Mbbl, and the heart resource is likely to be much higher..The search of oil and gas in the field of operations constituting Bangladesh began in the later part of the 19th carbon through some isolated geological mapping. The first serious test to find oil and gas was down the stairsinterpreted in Sitakund in 1908 by the Indian oil colour Prospecting Company. During 1923-31 Burmah inunct Company (BOC) cut ii shallow rise up in Patharia. The substantiallys were abandoned though there was a inform occurrence of oil. A total of 6 preliminary hales were cut, the deepest b eing 1047 meters. There was except no uncovering and the imprimatur World contend disrupted nevertheless activity.After the liberation of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Oil, Gas and mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) was create, fleck the Bangladesh crude oil coiffure was enacted in 1974. The earthly concernward vault of heaven of Bangladesh was divided in to 6 blocks, which were taken up by Ashland, ARCO, BODC (Japex), Union Oil, Canadian sea captain Oil and Ina Naftaplin down the stairs production sharing contract. These companies 7 offshore rise up resulted in the discovery of Kutubdia offshore gas field. According to the 2008 BP Statistical nada descry, Bangladesh had 2007 proved natural gas reserves of 0. 39 trillion cubic metres, 0. 1% of the world total, and 2007 natural gas production of 16. 27 trillion cubic metres, 0. 55% of the world total. The 1980s saw accelerated exploration activities by Petrobangla, which drilled 12 exploration rise up and discovered 7 gas field. Among these the Fenchuganj well remains the deepest drilled well in Bangladesh (4977m). mean opus a new milestone was secured when Petrobangla discovered the first mer evoketile oil pool in Sylhet on December 23, 1986. Since 1972 more than 32 exploratory wells have been drilled by the national and international companies which resulted in the discovery of 13 gas handle.Since the first exploration well was drilled in 1908 a total of 128 wells were drilled in Bangladesh until 2001, of which 63 are exploration wells. Of the exploration wells, 13 are in the offshore resulting in two discoveries and the rest 52 are on shore with 20 discoveries. In 1993, following the formation of a new issue brawniness insurance policy, the organization of Bangladesh divided its territory and offshore sites into 23 blocks and undefended them to foreign control for oil and gas exploration. Eight blocks were awarded to four companies during the prime(prenominal) Bidding circular in 1993 , and four appendixal blocks were awarded in the 1997 Second Bidding Round.Energy and mineral Resources Di pile (EMRD) Energy is the key component part for socio-economic teaching of a rural. scotch Development depends on reliable muscularity run. To maturation efficiency of the Ministry of Power, Energy and mineral Resources, it was divided into two divisions, vide Cabinet cleavage Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998, viz. Energy and mineral Resources year (EMRD) and Power discussion section. Energy and Mineral Resources Division is entrusted to phrase all policies related to natural gas, liquid petroleum and mineral resources.EMRD is similarly entrusted to formulate policies and administrative control over Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development and Department of Explosives. EMRD withal supervises and monitors over Hydrocarbon unit of measurement and Bangladesh petroleum Institute. To earn Millennium D evelopment Goals (MDGs) and to alleviate poverty in line with vision 2021, Bangladesh has to meet increasing vitality call for. In drift to ensure susceptibility credentials, the primary energy source of the country particularly gas, blacken and another(prenominal) mineral resources have been taken into consideration.A presbyopic with gas significant quantity of capsule is recovered. Oil was discovered in three locations but the quantity is not significant. The Division and its subordinate organizations/directorates/companies have been playing life-sustaining role to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To meet energy look at at desired level, initiative has been taken to join on gas supply and its optimum utilization. The demand of merchandise oil is also increasing. damp of it is met by compression (by product of gas). Recent gas crisis led to the policy foolrs to import LNG deep down a short period of time.Realistic policies for development of coal fields in northern part of the country are nether process for national interest. As a part of governments plan to nail gas supply network, a new distribution outlet, titled, Sundarban Gas Company Limited has been formed for the south-western region of the country. For efficient marketing of gas in Chittagong region, Karnafully Gas Company Limited has been created and it has started distribution of gas. System loss in gas distribution, a major problem, has been tackled with notable supremacy through forethought and monitoring.Initiative has also been taken to build up regional energy security system based on mutual co-operation with the neighboring countries under SAARC umbrella. Natural Gas In Bangladesh, natural gas is most important indigenous source of energy that accounts for 75% of the moneymaking(prenominal) energy of the country. So furthest in Bangladesh 23 gas fields have been discovered with the rate of success ratio is 3. 11 of which two of the gas fields are located in offshore area. Gas is set aboutd from 17 gas fields (79 gas wells). Oil was tested in two of the gas fields (Sylhet and Kailashtila).To reduce the colony on natural gas, alternating(a) energy resource must be explored. Average effortless gas production dexterity is about 2000 mmcfd of which International Oil Companies (IOC) produce 1040 mmcfd and State Owned Companies (SOC) produce 960 mmcfd. The gas production recorded on 24 February, 2010 was 1996. 7 MMCFD. At present the daily approximate projected gas demand throughout the country is 2ergocalciferol MMCFD. The demand is increasing day by day. Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) has already undertaken an array of short, medium, fast track and long limit plans to increase gas production to overcome prevailing gas shortage.According to this plan 188 mmcfd, 290 mmcfd, 995 mmcfd (including d mmcfd LNG), 500 mmcfd and 380 mmcfd gas will be added to the national gas grid by the year 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 respectively. After completion of these plans production subject is expected to increase to about 2353 mmcfd gas by December 2015. To increase the gas production more programs will be taken in near future. Petroleum Product To meet total demand of commercial energy, Bangladesh imports annually about 1. 3 million metric tons of crude oil. In addition to this, another 2. million metric tons (approx) of supple petroleum products per annum is imported. condensation is mixed with crude oil. Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport welkin followed by agriculture, industry and commercial sector which is in the main met by imported liquid fuel. Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL), a subordinate company of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), is capable of processing 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil per year. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) To reduce the habituation on imported fuel significantly, to reduce milieu pollution and to lighten foreign currency, the use of CN G vehicles was introduced in 1997.Number of CNG refueling invest is 565 and 162 conversion workshops have already been set-up in the country. Total number of CNG converted vehicles is one hundred fifty249. In addition to that 42549 CNG vehicles was imported. Total number of CNG vehicles is 192798 as of May, 2010. Average CNG use (approx. ) is 102 MMCF per day. turn Petroleum Gas (LPG) The area where access to gas line of products is difficult and pricey but there is a demand of gas in this persona gas in the form of LPG can be utilize. To reduce the dependence on imported oil and thus to drive home foreign currency, the use of LPG has to be popularized.Currently the supply of LPG of the country is 95,500 Metric Ton of which production in Public Sector is 22,500 Metric Ton while Production in Private Sector is 73,000 Metric Ton. The Possible demand of LPG in the country is 2,00,000 M. Ton. To popularize the use of LPG the present government has cut tax rate on some applianc es such as storm Regulator/Valve, gum elastic/ Relief valve and Submerged Welding Flux including bottling of LPG. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) To reduce the dependency on imported oil as well as indigenous gas, import of LNG is under dynamical consideration.Under mid consideration plan, LNG will be imported to supply at the rate of 500 mmcfd by 2012. The site for building necessary fundament for LNG has been located. Bangladesh has to set up necessary infrastructure such as LNG Receiving Station, LNG memory Tank, Re-gasification process and 90 km long pipeline from Maheshkhali to Anwara in its own effort. A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to be signed between Bangladesh and Qatar, which is under process. Coal anyways natural gas, Bangladesh has significant coal reserve. Coal reserves of about 3. one million million million tons comprising 5 deposits at depths of 118-1158 meters have been discovered so far in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The name of these deposits are -Barapukuria, Phulbari and Dighipara coal field in Dinajpur district, Khalashpir in Rangpur district and Jamalganj in Joypurhat district. Out of which 4 deposits (118-509 meters) are extractable at present. As an ersatz fuel to natural gas, coal can be extensively use. The depth of Jamalganj coal deposit is 640-1158 meter with 1053 jillion Tones in-situ coal reserve where production may not be viable by present days technology imputable to the depth of the deposits.Possibilities of line of descent of Coal fuck Methane (CBM) need to be explored from this coal deposits. Government is actively reviewing law to be applicable for Exploration and Production of Coal Bed Methane. So far, only Barapukuria coal field is under production. Other Mineral Resources available in Bangladesh Besides indigenous energy resources, Bangladesh has other mineral resources. Various organizations under Energy and Mineral Resources Division are engage to explore for mineral resources. In case of commerc ial discovery, foreign company can apply for production license.White Clay occurs in Sherpur, Netrokona, Dinajpur and Chittagong district etceteratera White Clay is use to throw away dishwares, sanitary materials, nonconductor and tiles . It is also use in Paper,cementum and sugar industries. churl sand occurs in Sherpur, Habiganj, Comilla and Dinajpur district etc. Glass sand is employ to make crockerys, lenses, glass sheet of windows and doors. It is also utilize to make quartz clock, arrange of boat and aero plane, foam glass and in motley electronic equipments etc. Silicon chips are also made from silica, which is a main ingredient of glass.Limestone occurs in Sunamgonj and Joypurhat district and St. Martins Islands. Limestone is apply to make lime and cement and in paper, Ispat, sugar, glass industry. It is also employ to alter the building. Ilmenite,Garnet,Zircon,Kyanite,Magnetite,Rutile,Leucoxine,Monazite,etc are put together in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf coast, Kua kata Beach , Moheshkhali, Nijhum dwip, Kutubdia and Monpura Island. Ilmenite, Rutile and Leucoxine are utilise to make slag and in welding and in melting of metal. They are utilise as a dyeing subject and Refractory Brick.Ilmenite is used to make sand blasting and heavy louse up as an alternative to Barite in drilling activities. Titanium metal, which is derived from this mineral, is used to make puke of aeroplane, missile, and in chemical reaction and salt remotion process. Zircon is used to make foundry sand, Refractory brick and as a dyeing substance. zirconium is used as a radioactive substance. Monazite is used to make catalyst, television receiver tube, refractory substance, thermal insulator substance and in computer dish antenna and line printer.Peat occurs in Gopalganj, Madaripur, Khulna, Sylhet and Sunamganj district etc. It is used as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in thermal designer plant. Hard Rock occurs at Maddyapara i n Dinajpur district. It is used in governor dam, river training, and river bank erosion. It is also used as verbal expression material and as mosaic stone. Gravel Deposit occurs in Lalmonirhat, Panchagar, Sylhet district, greater Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is used to construct buildings, road, railway, bridge and in river training and climax control.Renewable Energy Sources in Bangladesh Renewable Energy Sources may also be helpful in the achievement of the MDGs, as well as in tackling the challenges of energy security especially for developing countries and global climate changes. The renewable energy sources include biomass (combustible renewable and waste), hydropower, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy. Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy source repayable to its extensive noncommercial use (mainly for cooking and heating) in developing countries like Bangladesh.The share of other forms of renewable sources is minimal. Possibility of put in mini and micro level hydro-electric power plant in the hilly areas of Bangladesh would be explored. Windmills are with capacity of 2 MW in operation in the costal area of Bangladesh. Biogas Biogas may be the most promising renewable energy resource. before long there are about 50,000 households and village-level biogas plants in ready throughout the country. There is a huge potential for expansion in rural areas. solar Energy Potential of solar energy is nigh in Bangladesh.But due to its higher cost of equipment it has to go a long way to buzz off commercially viable. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh it is gradually meet popular and government has undertaken lot of scheme to subsidize on it. in short there are about 2, 64,000 solar panels installed throughout the country. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel may also be one of the promising sources of energy. Though Bangladesh is a densely be country with 150 million people just in 147,570 Sq. Km areas, except the hilly areas, most of the areas are covered with fertile land that producing high submissive crop.Diesel from Jatropha plant may be a source of renewable energy in our country. Jatropha trees can be planted in both the sides of rail way tracks & high ways, inert land & costal belt of the country. These Jatropha plant can also be used for coastal protection. Gasohol Gasohol is being blended with octane/petrol in many countries. Project in private sector is being undertaken to produce Gasohol from molasses used to be blended with octane/petrol. The molasses is a by-product of sugar industries.Gas Crisis in BangladeshNatural gas in Bangladesh From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (April 2012) This article is written like a personal reflection or essay rather than a n encyclopedic description of the subject. (April 2012) This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedias quality standards. April 2012) The presence of Natural Gas in Bangladesh has been established through exploration by Bangladeshs public energy company, Petrobangla, and more recently international oil and gas companies (IOCs) have established the existence of a significant energy source. Contents hide 1 Estimated reserves 2 The domestic natural gas industry 3 References 4 External links editEstimated reserves In recent years, several trillion cubic feet (TCF) of natural gas have been added to the confirmed 10. 5 TCF known as of 1996.Due to the fact that there has been comparatively little exploration to date, estimates of the total extractable natural gas resource in Bangladesh are uncertain and vary widely. An estimate of 20 TCF is gaining acceptance among experts, but some argue that experiences in comparable basins elsewhere in the world suggest that the ultimate recove rable resource could be as high as 50 TCF or even 100 TCF. At the current rate of natural gas use in Bangladesh (1000 mmcfd), the current estimated proven reserves would last 45 years.Even if the present rate of use increases at 10 per cent per year, these reserves would last about 17 years. A reserve-production Reserves-to-production ratio of 17 is higher than that for most industrial countries heavily dependent on natural gas, examples beingNorway, Canada, U. S. , and U. K. Here only the R/P ratio of gas is being considered for comparison. Relative to Bangladesh, these industrial countries have more diverse indigenous energy sources such as coal, oil and nuclear. The U. S. still uses coal to produce more than half its electricity.There are huge resources of gas in Bangladesh. Places where gas is commercially refines include Titas, Habiganj, Bakhrabad, Narshingdi, Meghna, Sylhet, Kailashtilla, Rashidpur, Beanibazar,Fenchuganj and Salda Nadi. In 2001, Petrobangla Director Major Raih anul Abedin initiated the national plan to decrease the use of using liquid fuels, by introducing natural gas conversion. He thought if cars could be converted to use cooking gas instead of rather harmful fuels, the carbon emission would decrease exponentially. He was given the permission by the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to carry out his plans. 12 As a result, Asian Development Bank funded his scheme and today more than 80% of Bangladeshi vehicles are run on gas which has lessened pollution significantly. 3 editThe domestic natural gas industry Petrobangla (Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation), a 100 per cent state owned corporation, has the primary responsibility for the natural gas industry in Bangladesh. Petrobangla is under the direction of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources it comprises several groups of companies ? An exploration company Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration Company ?Production companies Bangladesh Gas Fields Company and Sylhet Gas Fields Compa ny ? Transmission and distribution companies ?Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company ?Bakhrabad Gas System ?Jalalabad Gas Transmission and Distribution System ?Western Zone Gas Supply Co. (Poschim Anchal Gas Bitaran Company, WESGAS, a new company for distribution of gas in the western part of Bangladesh) ? A compressed natural gas company Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Leading Private Companies Involved in Natural Gas Industry ?Libra Enterprise (www. libraenterprise. om) ?Gasmin Limited ?Foundry Limited editReferences 1. M. Raihanul Abedin. Use of CNG as an Alternative Fuel for Transport-Air Pollution Control Perspective (2001) p. 49-54, International Seminar on Air Pollution in Dhaka City, October 30, 2001 France Bangladesh Association of Scholars and Trainees (FBAST). 2. Dhaka Clean Fuel Project Bangladesh at Asian Development Bank 3. Lisa Schroeder (March 25, 2009). Compressed natural gas clears the air in Bangladesh Cleaner-burning fuel is reducing dangerous leve ls of pollution and saving money, too. .The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2012-06-12. ?Natural Resources of Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural Gas Options for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ?Natural gas reserve estimates vary widely for Bangladesh. Retrieved May 17, 2012. Description Bangladesh has some oil reserves near Haripur in the eastern hilly district of Sylhet, but these have yet to be developed. The Haripur reserves are estimated at 40 Mbbl, and the total resource is likely to be much higher..The search of oil and gas in the area constituting Bangladesh began in the later part of the 19th century through some isolated geological mapping. The first serious attempt to find oil and gas was undertaken in Sitakund in 1908 by the Indian Petroleum Prospecting Company. During 1923-31 Burmah Oil Company (BOC) drilled two shallow wells in Patharia. The wells were abandoned though there was a reported occurrence of oil. A total of 6 exploratory wells were drilled, the deepest being 1047 meters. There was however no discovery and the Second World War disrupted further activity.After the liberation of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Oil, Gas and Mineral Corporation (Petrobangla) was formed, while the Bangladesh Petroleum Act was enacted in 1974. The offshore area of Bangladesh was divided in to 6 blocks, which were taken up by Ashland, ARCO, BODC (Japex), Union Oil, Canadian Superior Oil and Ina Naftaplin under production sharing contract. These companies 7 offshore wells resulted in the discovery of Kutubdia offshore gas field. According to the 2008 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Bangladesh had 2007 proved natural gas reserves of 0. 39 trillion cubic metres, 0. 1% of the world total, and 2007 natural gas production of 16. 27 billion cubic metres, 0. 55% of the world total. The 1980s saw accelerated exploration activities by Petrobangla, which drilled 12 exploration wells and discovered 7 gas fields. Among these the Fenchuganj well remains the deepest drilled well in Bangladesh (4977m). Meanwhile a new milestone was achieved when Petrobangla discovered the first commercial oil pool in Sylhet on December 23, 1986. Since 1972 more than 32 exploratory wells have been drilled by the national and international companies which resulted in the discovery of 13 gas fields.Since the first exploration well was drilled in 1908 a total of 128 wells were drilled in Bangladesh until 2001, of which 63 are exploration wells. Of the exploration wells, 13 are in the offshore resulting in two discoveries and the rest 52 are on shore with 20 discoveries. In 1993, following the formation of a new National Energy policy, the government of Bangladesh divided its territory and offshore sites into 23 blocks and opened them to foreign bidding for oil and gas exploration. Eight blocks were awarded to four companies during the First Bidding Round in 1993, and four additional blocks were awarded in the 1997 Second Bidding Round.Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) Energy is the key ingredient for socio-economic development of a country. Economic Development depends on reliable energy supply. To increase efficiency of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources, it was divided into two divisions, vide Cabinet Division Notification No. CD-4/1/94-Rules/23(100), dated 25 March 1998, namely Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) and Power Division. Energy and Mineral Resources Division is entrusted to formulate all policies related to natural gas, liquid petroleum and mineral resources.EMRD is also entrusted to formulate policies and administrative control over Geological Survey of Bangladesh, Petrobangla, Bureau of Mineral Development and Department of Explosives. EMRD also supervises and monitors over Hydrocarbon Unit and Bangladesh Petroleum Institute. To achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and to alleviate poverty in line with visio n 2021, Bangladesh has to meet increasing energy demand. In order to ensure energy security, the primary energy source of the country especially gas, coal and other mineral resources have been taken into consideration.Along with gas significant quantity of condensate is recovered. Oil was discovered in three locations but the quantity is not significant. The Division and its subordinate organizations/directorates/companies have been playing vital role to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To meet energy demand at desired level, initiative has been taken to increase gas supply and its optimum utilization. The demand of imported oil is also increasing. Part of it is met by condensate (by product of gas). Recent gas crisis led to the policy makers to import LNG within a short period of time.Realistic policies for development of coal fields in northern part of the country are under process for national interest. As a part of governments plan to expand gas supply network, a new distribution outlet, titled, Sundarban Gas Company Limited has been formed for the south-western region of the country. For efficient marketing of gas in Chittagong region, Karnafully Gas Company Limited has been created and it has started distribution of gas. System loss in gas distribution, a major problem, has been tackled with notable success through management and monitoring.Initiative has also been taken to build up regional energy security based on mutual co-operation with the neighboring countries under SAARC umbrella. Natural Gas In Bangladesh, natural gas is most important indigenous source of energy that accounts for 75% of the commercial energy of the country. So far in Bangladesh 23 gas fields have been discovered with the rate of success ratio is 3. 11 of which two of the gas fields are located in offshore area. Gas is produced from 17 gas fields (79 gas wells). Oil was tested in two of the gas fields (Sylhet and Kailashtila).To reduce the dependency on natural gas, alternative energy resource must be explored. Average daily gas production capacity is about 2000 mmcfd of which International Oil Companies (IOC) produce 1040 mmcfd and State Owned Companies (SOC) produce 960 mmcfd. The gas production recorded on 24 February, 2010 was 1996. 7 MMCFD. At present the daily approximate projected gas demand throughout the country is 2500 MMCFD. The demand is increasing day by day. Energy and Mineral Resources Division (EMRD) has already undertaken an array of short, medium, fast track and long term plans to increase gas production to overcome prevailing gas shortage.According to this plan 188 mmcfd, 290 mmcfd, 995 mmcfd (including 500 mmcfd LNG), 500 mmcfd and 380 mmcfd gas will be added to the national gas grid by the year 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2015 respectively. After completion of these plans production capacity is expected to increase to about 2353 mmcfd gas by December 2015. To increase the gas production more programs will be tak en in near future. Petroleum Product To meet total demand of commercial energy, Bangladesh imports annually about 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil. In addition to this, another 2. million metric Tons (approx) of refined petroleum products per annum is imported. Condensate is mixed with crude oil. Major consumer of liquid fuel is transport sector followed by agriculture, industry and commercial sector which is mostly met by imported liquid fuel. Eastern Refinery Limited (ERL), a subsidiary company of Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (BPC), is capable of processing 1. 3 million metric Tons of crude oil per year. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) To reduce the dependency on imported fuel significantly, to reduce environment pollution and to save foreign currency, the use of CNG vehicles was introduced in 1997.Number of CNG refueling Station is 565 and 162 conversion workshops have already been set-up in the country. Total number of CNG converted vehicles is 150249. In addition to that 42549 CNG vehicles was imported. Total number of CNG vehicles is 192798 as of May, 2010. Average CNG usage (approx. ) is 102 MMCF per day. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) The area where access to gas pipeline is difficult and expensive but there is a demand of gas in this case gas in the form of LPG can be used. To reduce the dependency on imported oil and thus to save foreign currency, the use of LPG has to be popularized.Currently the supply of LPG of the country is 95,500 Metric Ton of which production in Public Sector is 22,500 Metric Ton while Production in Private Sector is 73,000 Metric Ton. The Possible demand of LPG in the country is 2,00,000 M. Ton. To popularize the use of LPG the present government has reduced tax rate on some appliances such as Pressure Regulator/Valve, Safety/ Relief valve and Submerged Welding Flux including bottling of LPG. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) To reduce the dependency on imported oil as well as indigenous gas, import of LNG is under active cons ideration.Under mid term plan, LNG will be imported to supply at the rate of 500 mmcfd by 2012. The site for building necessary infrastructure for LNG has been located. Bangladesh has to set up necessary infrastructure such as LNG Receiving Station, LNG Storage Tank, Re-gasification process and 90 km long pipeline from Maheshkhali to Anwara in its own effort. A MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) to be signed between Bangladesh and Qatar, which is under process. Coal Besides natural gas, Bangladesh has significant coal reserve. Coal reserves of about 3. billion tons comprising 5 deposits at depths of 118-1158 meters have been discovered so far in the north-western part of Bangladesh. The name of these deposits are-Barapukuria, Phulbari and Dighipara coal field in Dinajpur district, Khalashpir in Rangpur district and Jamalganj in Joypurhat district. Out of which 4 deposits (118-509 meters) are extractable at present. As an alternative fuel to natural gas, coal can be extensively used. The depth of Jamalganj coal deposit is 640-1158 meter with 1053 Million Tones in-situ coal reserve where production may not be viable by present days technology due to the depth of the deposits.Possibilities of extraction of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) need to be explored from this coal deposits. Government is actively reviewing law to be applicable for Exploration and Production of Coal Bed Methane. So far, only Barapukuria coal field is under production. Other Mineral Resources available in Bangladesh Besides indigenous energy resources, Bangladesh has other mineral resources. Various organizations under Energy and Mineral Resources Division are engaged to explore for mineral resources. In case of commercial discovery, foreign company can apply for production license.White Clay occurs in Sherpur, Netrokona, Dinajpur and Chittagong district etc. White Clay is used to make crockerys, sanitary materials, insulator and tiles . It is also used in Paper,cement and sugar industries. Glass san d occurs in Sherpur, Habiganj, Comilla and Dinajpur district etc. Glass sand is used to make crockerys, lenses, glass sheet of windows and doors. It is also used to make quartz clock, frame of boat and aero plane, foam glass and in various electronic equipments etc. Silicon chips are also made from silica, which is a main ingredient of glass.Limestone occurs in Sunamgonj and Joypurhat district and St. Martins Islands. Limestone is used to make lime and cement and in paper, Ispat, sugar, glass industry. It is also used to decorate the building. Ilmenite,Garnet,Zircon,Kyanite,Magnetite,Rutile,Leucoxine,Monazite,etc are found in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf Beach, Kuakata Beach , Moheshkhali, Nijhum dwip, Kutubdia and Monpura Island. Ilmenite, Rutile and Leucoxine are used to make slag and in welding and in melting of metal. They are used as a dyeing subject and Refractory Brick.Ilmenite is used to make sand blasting and heavy mud as an alternative to Barite in drilling activities. Titanium m etal, which is derived from this mineral, is used to make frame of aeroplane, missile, and in chemical reaction and salt removal process. Zircon is used to make foundry sand, Refractory brick and as a dyeing substance. Zirconium is used as a radioactive substance. Monazite is used to make catalyst, television tube, refractory substance, thermal insulator substance and in computer disk and line printer.Peat occurs in Gopalganj, Madaripur, Khulna, Sylhet and Sunamganj district etc. It is used as an alternative fuel to household work, in brick and lime industries and in thermal power plant. Hard Rock occurs at Maddyapara in Dinajpur district. It is used in regulator dam, river training, and river bank erosion. It is also used as construction material and as mosaic stone. Gravel Deposit occurs in Lalmonirhat, Panchagar, Sylhet district, Greater Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is used to construct buildings, road, railway, bridge and in river training and flood control.Renewabl e Energy Sources in Bangladesh Renewable Energy Sources may also be helpful in the achievement of the MDGs, as well as in tackling the challenges of energy security especially for developing countries and global climate changes. The renewable energy sources include biomass (combustible renewable and waste), hydropower, solar, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy. Biomass is currently the largest renewable energy source due to its extensive noncommercial use (mainly for cooking and heating) in developing countries like Bangladesh.The share of other forms of renewable sources is minimal. Possibility of installing mini and micro level hydro-electric power plant in the hilly areas of Bangladesh would be explored. Windmills are with capacity of 2 MW in operation in the costal area of Bangladesh. Biogas Biogas may be the most promising renewable energy resource. Presently there are about 50,000 households and village-level biogas plants in place throughout the country. There is a huge poten tial for expansion in rural areas. Solar Energy Potential of solar energy is good in Bangladesh.But due to its higher cost of equipment it has to go a long way to become commercially viable. However, in remote areas of Bangladesh it is gradually becoming popular and government has undertaken lot of scheme to subsidize on it. Presently there are about 2, 64,000 solar panels installed throughout the country. Bio-diesel Bio-diesel may also be one of the promising sources of energy. Though Bangladesh is a densely populated country with 150 million people just in 147,570 Sq. Km areas, except the hilly areas, most of the areas are covered with fertile land that producing high yielding crop.Diesel from Jatropha plant may be a source of renewable energy in our country. Jatropha trees can be planted in both the sides of rail way tracks & high ways, marshy land & costal belt of the country. These Jatropha plant can also be used for coastal protection. Gasohol Gasohol is being blended with oct ane/petrol in many countries. Project in private sector is being undertaken to produce Gasohol from molasses used to be blended with octane/petrol. The molasses is a by-product of sugar industries.